Title: 1852-11-15    +HASTINGS MICH-----BARRY CO----BLACK CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE----& MS "FORWARDED FROM GRAND ISLE VT AND SUPPOSED TO BELONG IN VIRGINIA. IF NOT, RETURN A N W JACKSON P.M."-----TO MRS CORNELIA HILL AT GRAND ISLE, GRAND ISLE CO, VERMONT---FROM R.J. GRANT TO HIS SISTER---ABOUT FAMILY AND DETAILS OF THE TRAGIC DEATH OF A CLOSE FRIEND SHOT DEAD WHEN MISTAKEN FOR A DEER------GENEALOGY-----COURTESY OF ELLIS I /WHITFORD AUCTION 2018 LOT 236  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-15 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Women's Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-17   PINCKNEY MICH-----PAGE 2----ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Livingston
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 3 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-17  PINCKNEY MICH----PAGE 3----ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Livingston
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 3 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-17  PINCKNEY MICH----PAGE 1---ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Livingston
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 3 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-17   PINCKNEY MICH----32MM  GREEN CDS---FROM SARH ABEL AT PICKNEY TO MRS SARAH RENCHAN AT WHEELER, STEUBEN CO NEW YORK---ERNIE'S COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Livingston
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  Ernie's Michigan Collection   
         , MI Genealogy  
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Women's Correspondence  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 3 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-19  DETROIT MICH--WAYNE CO.--BLACK 32MM INTEGRATED 5 CENTS IN CDS--1 pg--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN 3 COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-19 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Wayne
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Stampless Letters 
       ,  Letters Containing Correspondence   
         , Privately Owned  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-19  DETROIT MICH--WAYNE CO.--BLACK 32MM INTEGRATED 5 CENTS IN CDS--1 pg--PAGE 1--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN 3 COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year:  
        Date: 1852-11-19 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Wayne
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Stampless Letters 
       ,  Letters Containing Correspondence   
         , Privately Owned  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-30     +BELLE RIVER (1)MICH----SAINT CLAIR CO----V6----BLACK CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE & MS PAID-----TO HUBBARD & COMPANY, SANDUSKY OHIO----FROM A.A. GILCHRIST----REGARDING LUMBER BUSINESS-----GENEALOGY-----COURTESY OF HAYES I/WHITFORD AUCTION 2013 LOT 151  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-30 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Saint Clair
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-11-30    +DETROIT MICH----WAYNE CO----BLACK CDS & BLUE LARGE STAMPED 20 RATE------TO H. C. BAKER, WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA----CARE OF G.A.V. REED, WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA-----GENEALOGY------COURTESY OF HAYES I/WHITFORD AUCTION 2013 LOT 217  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-11-30 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Wayne
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-01  GRAND RAPIDS MICH--DATE ESTIMATED--KENT CO.--BLACK 33MM CDS--COVER ONLY--COURTESY OF BILL BROOKS  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-12-01 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Kent
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Stampless Letters 
       ,  Letters Containing Correspondence   
         , Privately Owned  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-09   DETROIT MICH---BLACK 31MM INTEGRATED 5 CTS CDS---ADVERTISING COVER------TO A ROBERTSON AT GRAND RAPIDS, KENT CO, MICH------FROM H K SANGER AT MICHIGAN INSURANCE BANK ON THEIR  STATIONARY---FINANCIAL----GENEALOGY 2-------1 pg--COURTESY OF AAA STAMPS  Read More..
    	
    	Year:  
        Date: 1852-12-09 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Kent
    	  , 
    	    Wayne 
    	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Advertising 
       ,  MI Covers   
         , MI Genealogy  
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
        , Privately Owned  
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-09   DETROIT MICH---BLACK 31MM INTEGRATED 5 CTS CDS---ADVERTISING COVER------TO A ROBERTSON AT GRAND RAPIDS, KENT CO, MICH------FROM H K SANGER AT MICHIGAN INSURANCE BANK ON THEIR  STATIONARY-------GENEALOGY 2-------1 pg--PAGE 1---COURTESY OF AAA STAMPS  Read More..
    	
    	Year:  
        Date: 1852-12-09 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Kent
    	  , 
    	    Wayne 
    	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Advertising 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-10    +SO. ASSYRIA MICH----BARRY CO----V7----BLACK #MANUSCRIPT CANCEL & MS PAID 3 RATE----TO C.S. COLE, WRIGHT'S CORNERS, NIAGARA CO, N.Y.----FROM HIS BROTHER P.D.COLE ABOUT A BUSINESS CONTRACT-----GENEALOGY----COURTESY OF ELLIS I /WHITFORD AUCTION 2018 LOT 393  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-12-10 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Manuscripts  
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Privately Owned  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-11 BELLE RIVER MICH--SAINT CLAIR CO.--BLACK CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE & MS PAID---TO HUBBARD AND CO. AT SANDUSKY OHIO FROM A.A. GILCHRIST AT BELLE RIVER---GENEALOGY----2PGS---PRIVATELY OWNED—COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-12-11 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Saint Clair
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-11 BELLE RIVER MICH--SAINT CLAIR CO.--BLACK CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE & MS PAID---TO HUBBARD AND CO. AT SANDUSKY OHIO FROM A.A. GILCHRIST AT BELLE RIVER---GENEALOGY----2PGS---PAGE 2----PRIVATELY OWNED—COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR---DOCKETING ON BACK OF LETTER  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-12-11 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Saint Clair
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Genealogy 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1852-12-11 BELLE RIVER MICH--SAINT CLAIR CO.--BLACK CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE & MS PAID---TO HUBBARD AND CO. AT SANDUSKY OHIO FROM A.A. GILCHRIST AT BELLE RIVER---GENEALOGY----2PGS---PAGE 1----PRIVATELY OWNED—COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1852 
        Date: 1852-12-11 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Saint Clair
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Genealogy 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-10 DUNCAN MICH--CHEBOYGAN CO--RED CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE CROSSED OUT & MS PAID----TO HON. W.M. FENTON, FLINT, MICH-----MENTIONS WILLIAM R BALEY, JOHN QUIGLEY, R W JENNY, A C JOHNSON, AND JOHN HOLGATE----GENEALOGY---2PGS---PAGE 1----PRIVATELY OWNED--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-10 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Genealogy 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-10 DUNCAN MICH--CHEBOYGAN CO--RED CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE CROSSED OUT & MS PAID----TO HON. W.M. FENTON, FLINT, MICH-----MENTIONS WILLIAM R BALEY, JOHN QUIGLEY, R W JENNY, A C JOHNSON, AND JOHN HOLGATE----GENEALOGY---2PGS----PRIVATELY OWNED--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-10 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Genealogy 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-10 DUNCAN MICH--CHEBOYGAN CO--RED CDS & STAMPED ARC PAID 3 IN CIRCLE CROSSED OUT & MS PAID----TO HON. W.M. FENTON, FLINT, MICH-----MENTIONS WILLIAM R BALEY, JOHN QUIGLEY, R W JENNY, A C JOHNSON, AND JOHN HOLGATE----GENEALOGY---2PGS---PAGE 2----PRIVATELY OWNED--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-10 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Genealogy 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-10  GRAND TRAVERSE MICH {1851-1869} NAME CHANGE-OLD MISSION---V8----DATE ESTIMATED--GRAND TRAVERSE CO.--RED 29MM CDS AND RED STAMPED PAID AND BLACK MS 6 RATE--(DOUBLE RATE)--COVER ONLY--TO JAMES A. COWLES AT OAKFIELD N.Y.---COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN 3 COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-10 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-12    +BATTLE CREEK MICH----CALHOUN CO----YEAR ESTIMATED----BLUE CDS & STAMPED PAID 3 RATE----TO WILLIAM M. MARTIN, YPSILANTI, WASHTENAW CO, MICH-----GENEALOGY-----COURTESY OF HAYES I/WHITFORD AUCTION 2013 LOT 148  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-12 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Calhoun
    	  , 
    	    Washtenaw 
    	  ,
    	    
          
        , 
           
        ,
          
          
        , 
           
        ,
          
        ,
          
    	  
    	City: 
         BattleCreek  
         , Ypsilanti  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 0 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-15  DETROIT MICH--WAYNE CO.--RED 32MM INTEGRATED 3 PAID CDS--1 pg--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN 3 COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-15 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Wayne
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Letters Containing Correspondence  
         , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-15  DETROIT MICH--WAYNE CO.--RED 32MM INTEGRATED 3 PAID CDS--1 pg--PAGE 1--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN 3 COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year:  
        Date: 1853-01-15 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Wayne
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Detroit  
        
    	Category: 
       Michigan Stampless Letters 
       ,  Letters Containing Correspondence   
         , Privately Owned  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-15 INGHAM MICH------V7--INGHAM CO--BLACK #MANUSCRIPT & MS 5 RATE----DATELINED WHITE OAK, INGHAM CO, MICH---FROM NANCY E. BALDWIN AND DANIEL RIGBY AT WHITE OAK TO DANIEL RIGBY AT KANTICOKE, BROOM COUNTY NEW YORK---GENEALOGY---1PG---PRIVATELY OWNED--COURTESY OF A MICHIGAN COLLECTOR  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-15 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Ingham
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  MI Genealogy   
         , Manuscripts  
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Women's Correspondence  
        , Letters Containing Correspondence  
        , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 1 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-17  +ANN ARBOR MICH---WASHTENAW CO----BLACK CDS & LARGE 30 RATE HANDSTAMP FOR UNPAID 30 CENTS PRUSSIAN CLOSED MAIL RATE ---TO WURTTERNBERG GERMANY, CARRIED ON COLLIN'S " PACIFIC " FROM NEW YORK TO BREMEN. HORB BACKSTAMP---SCARCE & UNRECORDED IN ASCC & ONLY THE 2nd ONE I'VE HAD (OTHER WAS 1856)-----GERMAN HERITAGE IN LETTERS----GENEALOGY----COVER ONLY---1PG----ERNIE'S COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Washtenaw
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         AnnArbor  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  Ernie's Michigan Collection   
         , Letters to Foreign Destinations  
         , MI Genealogy  
         , German Language Letters  
        , Michigan Stampless Letters  
        , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-17  +ANN ARBOR MICH---WASHTENAW CO----BLACK CDS & LARGE 30 RATE HANDSTAMP FOR UNPAID 30 CENTS PRUSSIAN CLOSED MAIL RATE ---TO WURTTERNBERG GERMANY, CARRIED ON COLLIN'S " PACIFIC " FROM NEW YORK TO BREMEN. HORB BACKSTAMP---SCARCE & UNRECORDED IN ASCC & ONLY THE 2nd ONE I'VE HAD (OTHER WAS 1856)-----GERMAN HERITAGE IN LETTERS----GENEALOGY----COVER ONLY---1PG----ERNIE'S COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-17 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Washtenaw
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         AnnArbor  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  Ernie's Michigan Collection   
         , Letters to Foreign Destinations  
         , MI Genealogy  
         , German Language Letters  
        , Michigan Stampless Letters  
        , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 2 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-18 JACKSON MICH --- CDS 32MM ----TO MRS S C BEAKES CARE OF H J BEAKES AT ANN ARBOR MICH FROM HER SISTER JENNIE AT JACKSON---GENEALOGY 3-----WATERMARK--- ERNIE'S COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-18 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Jackson
    	  , 
    	    Washtenaw 
    	  ,
    	    
          
        , 
           
        ,
          
          
        , 
           
        ,
          
        ,
          
    	  
    	City: 
         AnnArbor  
         , Jackson  
        
    	Category: 
       MI Covers 
       ,  Ernie's Michigan Collection   
         , MI Genealogy  
         , Michigan Stampless Letters  
         , Women's Correspondence  
        , Letters Containing Correspondence  
        , Privately Owned  
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 4 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-18 JACKSON MICH --- PAGE 1 ---- ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-18 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Jackson
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Jackson  
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 4 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-18 JACKSON MICH --- PAGE 2 ---- ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-18 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Jackson
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Jackson  
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 4 
 
   		
    	
Title: 1853-01-18 JACKSON MICH --- PAGE 3 ---- ERNIES COLLECTION  Read More..
    	
    	Year: 1853 
        Date: 1853-01-18 
        
    	County: 
    	  
    	    Jackson
    	      	                                              	  
    	City: 
         Jackson  
        
    	Category: 
       Ernie's Michigan Collection 
       ,  Michigan Stampless Letters   
         , Women's Correspondence  
          
          
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
          
         
         
         
         
         
          
         
      
    	  
        Associated Pages: 4